Arsenic
Arsenic
臨床特徵 (Clinical Features)
-
砷 (arsenic) 暴露可在各種情況下遇到。它可能是專利成藥 (proprietary medicines) 的成分,並且是殺蟲劑 (pesticides) 與除草劑 (herbicides) 的活性成分。Fowler’s solution——曾用於治療乾癬 (psoriasis) 及其他皮膚疾病——含有 1% potassium arsenate。目前砷暴露最常見的來源是經由受污染的地下水。多年來(由於其作為殺蟲劑 (insecticide) 的用途),它曾是香菸菸草 (cigarette tobacco) 的一種成分。在採礦與冶煉產業中會出現高濃度的砷。
-
砷暴露可引起急性砷性皮膚炎 (acute arsenical dermatitis),不過更常見的是病人因長期後遺症 (long-term sequelae) 而就診。前者表現為
-
Iododerma 與多發性骨髓瘤 (multiple myeloma)、結節性多動脈炎 (polyarteritis nodosa)、淋巴瘤 (lymphoma) 及腎絲球腎炎 (glomerulonephritis) 相關。腎功能不全 (renal insufficiency) 可能是一種誘發因子。
致病機轉與組織學特徵 (Pathogenesis and histologic features)
- 雖然一般認為遲發型過敏反應 (delayed hypersensitivity) 為其潛在的致病機轉,但確切的機制仍不明。急性病灶為
660 Cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs

圖 14-80:Iododerma:手背與手指上可見潰瘍性增殖性斑塊 (ulcerated vegetative plaques)。By courtesy of the Institute of Dermatology, London, UK。
Fig. 14.80 Iododerma: ulcerated vegetative plaques are present on the backs of the hands and fingers. By courtesy of the Institute of Dermatology, London, UK.

圖 14-82:Bromoderma:眼睛周圍可見增殖性斑塊 (vegetant plaques) 與結節 (nodules),並出現潰瘍 (ulceration)。By courtesy of the late M. Beare, MD, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, N. Ireland。
Fig. 14.82 Bromoderma: vegetant plaques and nodules are seen around the eye. Ulceration is present. By courtesy of the late M. Beare, MD, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, N. Ireland.