泄殖腔源性癌 (Cloacogenic Carcinoma)
疾病定義與分類
- 泄殖腔源性癌 (cloacogenic carcinoma) 為一種罕見腫瘤,好發於中年女性,表現為表淺潰瘍性腺癌 (superficial ulcerated adenocarcinoma),由結腸型腺體 (colonic-type glands) 組成,並與外陰表面上皮直接相連而生 (Figs 12.267–12.269)。
- 此腫瘤與外陰周圍腺體 (perivulval glands) 無關;依定義,已排除來自底層大腸或內臟腺癌 (large intestinal or visceral adenocarcinoma) 之直接蔓延或轉移。
- 外陰 cloacogenic carcinoma 不應與解剖名稱相近的肛管腫瘤 (similarly named tumor of the anal canal) 相混淆。
臨床特徵 (Clinical Features)
- 臨床特徵並不具特異性,但腫瘤可能表現為類似巴氏腺感染 (Bartholin gland infection) 的病灶。
組織病理特徵 (Histopathology)
- 在單一病例中,腫瘤性腺體亦含有 Paneth cells。
致病機轉/分子 (Pathogenesis / Molecular)
- 此腫瘤的起源尚不清楚,但一般認為最可能起源於胃腸道化生區域 (an area of gastrointestinal metaplasia) 或異位性腸道組織 (heterotopic intestinal tissue) (Fig. 12.270)。
免疫組化與特殊染色 (Immunohistochemistry & Special Stains)
- 腫瘤細胞 CK7 與 CK20 陽性,estrogen 與 progesterone 受體陰性。

圖 12-267:泄殖腔源性外陰腺癌 (cloacogenic vulval adenocarcinoma):掃描視野,最右側可見外陰鱗狀上皮 (vulval squamous epithelium),左側則為結腸上皮 (colonic epithelium)。分泌黏液之癌瘤 (mucus-secreting carcinoma) 蔓延至整個底層結締組織。
Fig. 12.267 Cloacogenic vulval adenocarcinoma: scanning view showing vulval squamous epithelium on the far right. Colonic epithelium is present on the left. Mucussecreting carcinoma extends throughout the underlying connective tissue.

圖 12-270:泄殖腔源性外陰腺癌 (cloacogenic vulval adenocarcinoma):鱗狀上皮與結腸上皮交界處 (junction between squamous and colonic epithelium) 之高倍視野。
Fig. 12.270 Cloacogenic vulval adenocarcinoma: high-power view of the junction between squamous and colonic epithelium.