黏液樣囊腫 (Myxoid Cyst)
臨床特徵 (Clinical Features)
- 皮膚黏液樣囊腫 (cutaneous myxoid cyst),有時被不恰當地稱為滑膜囊腫 (synovial cyst),表現為一柔軟或波動性的囊性結節,位於遠端指間關節 (distal interphalangeal joint)、掌指關節 (metacarpophalangeal joint) 之背側面,較少見於蹠趾關節 (metatarsophalangeal joint)(圖 13.188 與 13.189)。
組織病理特徵 (Histopathology)
- (圖 13.190)。覆蓋其上的表皮 (epidermis) 常呈萎縮 (atrophic) 且過度角化 (hyperkeratotic),邊緣處可見棘層肥厚 (acanthosis)。早期病灶有時與皮膚局灶性黏液沉積症 (cutaneous focal mucinosis) 難以區分。並無證據顯示其與下方關節有任何連通。

圖 13-188:黏液樣囊腫 (myxoid cyst):其半透明 (translucency) 外觀為典型表現。承蒙 R.A. Marsden 醫師惠賜,St George’s Hospital, London, UK。
Fig. 13.188 Myxoid cyst: the translucency is typical. By courtesy of R.A. Marsden, MD, St George’s Hospital, London, UK.

圖 13-189:黏液樣囊腫 (myxoid cyst):位於遠端指間關節 (distal interphalangeal joint) 上方的定位為其特徵。承蒙 Institute of Dermatology, London, UK 惠賜。
Fig. 13.189 Myxoid cyst: localization over the distal interphalangeal joint is characteristic. By courtesy of the Institute of Dermatology, London, UK.

圖 13-190:(A, B) 黏液樣囊腫 (myxoid cyst):過量的黏液 (mucin) 沉積形成此一充滿液體的囊腫。其上覆蓋的上皮 (epithelium) 可呈變薄 (attenuated) 或疣狀 (verrucous),囊腫偶爾有部分位於表皮內 (intraepidermal)。
Fig. 13.190 (A, B) Myxoid cyst: excessive mucin deposition has resulted in this fluidfilled cyst. The overlying epithelium may appear attenuated or verrucous and occasionally the cyst is, in part, intraepidermal in location.