๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
Phrynoderma
Phrynoderma
Clinical features Phrynoderma (toad skin) most often develops as a consequence of vitamin A deficiency.1โ4 Other proposed etiological factors include deficiencies of the vitamin B complex, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids.4 In Western countries most cases develop as a result of malabsorption.4,5 Patients present with xerosis, hyperpigmentation and multiple 2โ6-mm, red-brown, dome-shaped papules with a central folliculocentric crater filled with laminated keratinous debris.1,4 The elbows and knees are